Changelog
---------
v2.3.0
======
- ESP32 OpenSSL support for client and server
- ESP32 4 x WLAN credential slots may be configured
- Libevent event loop support
- SOCKS5 proxy support
- lws_meta protocol for websocket connection multiplexing
- lws_vhost_destroy() added... allows dynamic removal of listening
vhosts. Vhosts with shared listen sockets adopt the listen socket
automatically if the owner is destroyed.
- IPv6 on Windows
- Improved CGI handling suitable for general CGI scripting, eg, PHP
- Convert even the "old style" test servers to use statically included
plugin sources
- LWS_WITH_STATS cmake option dumps resource usage and timing information
every few seconds to debug log, including latency information about
delay from asking for writeable callback to getting it
- Large (> 2GB) files may be served
- LWS_WITH_HTTP_PROXY Cmake option adds proxying mounts
- Workaround for libev build by disabling -Werror on the test app
- HTTP2 support disabled since no way to serve websockets on it
v2.2.0
======
Major new features
- A mount can be protected by Basic Auth... in lwsws it looks like this
```
{
"mountpoint": "/basic-auth",
"origin": "file://_lws_ddir_/libwebsockets-test-server/private",
"basic-auth": "/var/www/balogins-private"
}
```
The text file named in `basic-auth` contains user:password information
one per line.
See README.lwsws.md for more information.
- RFC7233 RANGES support in lws server... both single and multipart.
This allows seeking for multimedia file serving and download resume.
It's enabled by default but can be disabled by CMake option.
- On Linux, lwsws can reload configuration without dropping ongoing
connections, when sent a SIGHUP. The old configuration drops its
listen sockets so the new configuration can listen on them.
New connections connect to the server instance with the new
configuration. When all old connections eventually close, the old
instance automatically exits. This is equivalent to
`systemctl reload apache`
- New `adopt` api allow adoption including SSL negotiation and
for raw sockets and file descriptors.
- Chunked transfer encoding supported for client and server
- Adaptations to allow operations inside OPTEE Secure World
- ESP32 initial port - able to do all test server functions. See
README.build.md
- Serving gzipped files from inside a ZIP file is supported... this
includes directly serving the gzipped content if the client
indicated it could accept it (ie, almost all browsers) saving
bandwidth and time. For clients that can't accept it, lws
automatically decompresses and serves the content in memory-
efficient chunks. Only a few hundred bytes of heap are needed
to serve any size file from inside the zip. See README.coding.md
- RAW file descriptors may now be adopted into the lws event loop,
independent of event backend (including poll service).
See README.coding.md
- RAW server socket descriptors may now be enabled on the vhost if
the first thing sent on the connection is not a valid http method.
The user code can associate these with a specific protocol per
vhost, and RAW-specific callbacks appear there for creation, rx,
writable and close. See libwebsockets-test-server-v2.0 for an example.
See README.coding.md
- RAW client connections are now possible using the method "RAW".
After connection, the socket is associated to the protocol
named in the client connection info and RAW-specific callbacks
appear there for creation, rx, writable and close.
See libwebsockets-test-client (with raw://) for an example.
See README.coding.md
v2.1.0
======
Major new features
- Support POST arguments, including multipart and file attachment
- Move most of lwsws into lws, make the stub CC0
- Add loopback test plugin to confirm client ws / http coexistence
- Integrate lwsws testing on Appveyor (ie, windows)
- Introduce helpers for sql, urlencode and urldecode sanitation
- Introduce LWS_CALLBACK_HTTP_BIND_PROTOCOL / DROP_PROTOCOL that
are compatible with http:/1.1 pipelining and different plugins
owning different parts of the URL space
- lwsgs - Generic Sessions plugin supports serverside sessions,
cookies, hashed logins, forgot password etc
- Added APIs for sending email to SMTP servers
- Messageboard example plugin for lwsgs
- Automatic PING sending at fixed intervals and close if no response
- Change default header limit in ah to 4096 (from 1024)
- Add SNI matching for wildcards if no specific wildcard vhost name match
- Convert docs to Doxygen
- ESP8266 support ^^
Fixes
-----
See git log v2.0.0..
v2.0.0
======
Summary
-------
- There are only api additions, the api is compatible with v1.7.x. But
there is necessarily an soname bump to 8.
- If you are using lws client, you mainly need to be aware the option
LWS_SERVER_OPTION_DO_SSL_GLOBAL_INIT is needed at context-creation time
if you will use SSL.
- If you are using lws for serving, the above is also true but there are
many new features to simplify your code (and life). There is a
summany online here
https://libwebsockets.org/lws-2.0-new-features.html
but basically the keywords are vhosts, mounts and plugins. You can now
do the web serving part from lws without any user callback code at all.
See ./test-server/test-server-v2.0.c for an example, it has no user
code for ws either since it uses the protocol plugins... that one C file
is all that is needed to do the whole test server function.
You now have the option to use a small generic ws-capable webserver
"lwsws" and write your ws part as a plugin. That eliminates even
cut-and-pasting the test server code and offers more configurable
features like control over http cacheability in JSON.
Fixes
-----
These are already in 1.7.x series
1) MAJOR (Windows-only) fix assert firing
2) MAJOR http:/1.1 connections handled by lws_return_http_status() did not
get sent a content-length resulting in the link hanging until the peer closed
it. attack.sh updated to add a test for this.
3) MINOR An error about hdr struct in _lws_ws_related is corrected, it's not
known to affect anything until after it was fixed
4) MINOR During the close shutdown wait state introduced at v1.7, if something
requests callback on writeable for the socket it will busywait until the
socket closes
5) MAJOR Although the test server has done it for a few versions already, it
is now required for the user code to explicitly call
if (lws_http_transaction_completed(wsi))
return -1;
when it finishes replying to a transaction in http. Previously the library
did it for you, but that disallowed large, long transfers with multiple
trips around the event loop (and cgi...).
6) MAJOR connections on ah waiting list that closed did not get removed from
the waiting list...
7) MAJOR since we added the ability to hold an ah across http keepalive
transactions where more headers had already arrived, we broke the ability
to tell if more headers had arrived. Result was if the browser didn't
close the keepalive, we retained ah for the lifetime of the keepalive,
using up the pool.
8) MAJOR windows-only-POLLHUP was not coming
9) Client should not send ext hdr if no exts
Changes
-------
1) MINOR test-server gained some new switches
-C <file> use external SSL cert file
-K <file> use external SSL key file
-A <file> use external SSL CA cert file
-u <uid> set effective uid
-g <gid> set effective gid
together you can use them like this to have the test-server work with the
usual purchased SSL certs from an official CA.
--ssl -C your.crt -K your.key -A your.cer -u 99 -g 99
2) MINOR the OpenSSL magic to setup ECDH cipher usage is implemented in the
library, and the ciphers restricted to use ECDH only.
Using this, the lws test server can score an A at SSLLABS test
3) MINOR STS (SSL always) header is added to the test server if you use --ssl. With
that, we score A+ at SSLLABS test
4) MINOR daemonize function (disabled at cmake by default) is updated to work
with systemd
5) MINOR example systemd .service file now provided for test server
(not installed by default)
6) test server html is updated with tabs and a new live server monitoring
feature. Input sanitization added to the js.
7) client connections attempted when no ah is free no longer fail, they are
just deferred until an ah becomes available.
8) The test client pays attention to if you give it an http:/ or https://
protocol string to its argument in URL format. If so, it stays in http[s]
client mode and doesn't upgrade to ws[s], allowing you to do generic http client
operations. Receiving transfer-encoding: chunked is supported.
9) If you enable -DLWS_WITH_HTTP_PROXY=1 at cmake, the test server has a
new URI path http://localhost:7681/proxytest If you visit here, a client
connection to http://example.com:80 is spawned, and the results piped on
to your original connection.
10) Also with LWS_WITH_HTTP_PROXY enabled at cmake, lws wants to link to an
additional library, "libhubbub". This allows lws to do html rewriting on the
fly, adjusting proxied urls in a lightweight and fast way.
11) There's a new context creation flag LWS_SERVER_OPTION_DO_SSL_GLOBAL_INIT,
this is included automatically if you give any other SSL-related option flag.
If you give no SSL-related option flag, nor this one directly, then even
though SSL support may be compiled in, it is never initialized nor used for the
whole lifetime of the lws context.
Conversely in order to prepare the context to use SSL, even though, eg, you
are not listening on SSL but will use SSL client connections later, you must
give this flag explicitly to make sure SSL is initialized.
User API additions
------------------
1) MINOR APIBREAK There's a new member in struct lws_context_creation_info, ecdh_curve,
which lets you set the name of the ECDH curve OpenSSL should use. By
default (if you leave ecdh_curve NULL) it will use "prime256v1"
2) MINOR NEWAPI It was already possible to adopt a foreign socket that had not
been read from using lws_adopt_socket() since v1.7. Now you can adopt a
partially-used socket if you don't need SSL, by passing it what you read
so it can drain that before reading from the socket.
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN struct lws *
lws_adopt_socket_readbuf(struct lws_context *context, lws_sockfd_type accept_fd,
const char *readbuf, size_t len);
3) MINOR NEWAPI CGI type "network io" subprocess execution is now possible from
a simple api.
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int
lws_cgi(struct lws *wsi, char * const *exec_array, int script_uri_path_len,
int timeout_secs);
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int
lws_cgi_kill(struct lws *wsi);
To use it, you must first set the cmake option
$ cmake .. -DLWS_WITH_CGI=1
See test-server-http.c and test server path
http://localhost:7681/cgitest
stdin gets http body, you can test it with wget
$ echo hello > hello.txt
$ wget http://localhost:7681/cgitest --post-file=hello.txt -O- --quiet
lwstest script
read="hello"
The test script returns text/html table showing /proc/meminfo. But the cgi
support is complete enough to run cgit cgi.
4) There is a helper api for forming logging timestamps
LWS_VISIBLE int
lwsl_timestamp(int level, char *p, int len)
this generates this kind of timestamp for use as logging preamble
lwsts[13116]: [2016/01/25 14:52:52:8386] NOTICE: Initial logging level 7
5) struct lws_client_connect_info has a new member
const char *method
If it's NULL, then everything happens as before, lws_client_connect_via_info()
makes a ws or wss connection to the address given.
If you set method to a valid http method like "GET", though, then this method
is used and the connection remains in http[s], it's not upgraded to ws[s].
So with this, you can perform http[s] client operations as well as ws[s] ones.
There are 4 new related callbacks
LWS_CALLBACK_ESTABLISHED_CLIENT_HTTP = 44,
LWS_CALLBACK_CLOSED_CLIENT_HTTP = 45,
LWS_CALLBACK_RECEIVE_CLIENT_HTTP = 46,
LWS_CALLBACK_COMPLETED_CLIENT_HTTP = 47,
6) struct lws_client_connect_info has a new member
const char *parent_wsi
if non-NULL, the client wsi is set to be a child of parent_wsi. This ensures
if parent_wsi closes, then the client child is closed just before.
7) If you're using SSL, there's a new context creation-time option flag
LWS_SERVER_OPTION_REDIRECT_HTTP_TO_HTTPS. If you give this, non-ssl
connections to the server listen port are accepted and receive a 301
redirect to / on the same host and port using https://
8) User code may set per-connection extension options now, using a new api
"lws_set_extension_option()".
This should be called from the ESTABLISHED callback like this
lws_set_extension_option(wsi, "permessage-deflate",
"rx_buf_size", "12"); /* 1 << 12 */
If the extension is not active (missing or not negotiated for the
connection, or extensions are disabled on the library) the call is
just returns -1. Otherwise the connection's extension has its
named option changed.
The extension may decide to alter or disallow the change, in the
example above permessage-deflate restricts the size of his rx
output buffer also considering the protocol's rx_buf_size member.
New application lwsws
---------------------
A libwebsockets-based general webserver is built by default now, lwsws.
It's configured by JSON, by default in
/etc/lwsws/conf
which contains global lws context settings like this
{
"global": {
"uid": "99",
"gid": "99",
"interface": "eth0",
"count-threads": "1"
}
}
/etc/lwsws/conf.d/*
which contains zero or more files describing vhosts, like this
{
"vhosts": [
{ "name": "warmcat.com",
"port": "443",
"host-ssl-key": "/etc/pki/tls/private/warmcat.com.key",
"host-ssl-cert": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/warmcat.com.crt",
"host-ssl-ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/warmcat.com.cer",
"mounts": [
{ "/": [
{ "home": "file:///var/www/warmcat.com" },
{ "default": "index.html" }
]
}
]
}
]
}
v1.7.0
======
Extension Changes
-----------------
1) There is now a "permessage-deflate" / RFC7692 implementation. It's very
similar to "deflate-frame" we have offered for a long while; deflate-frame is
now provided as an alias of permessage-deflate.
The main differences are that the new permessage-deflate implementation:
- properly performs streaming respecting input and output buffer limits. The
old deflate-frame implementation could only work on complete deflate input
and produce complete inflate output for each frame. The new implementation
only mallocs buffers at initialization.
- goes around the event loop after each input package is processed allowing
interleaved output processing. The RX flow control api can be used to
force compressed input processing to match the rate of compressed output
processing (test--echo shows an example of how to do this).
- when being "deflate-frame" for compatibility he uses the same default zlib
settings as the old "deflate-frame", but instead of exponentially increasing
malloc allocations until the whole output will fit, he observes the default
input and output chunking buffer sizes of "permessage-deflate", that's
1024 in and 1024 out at a time.
2) deflate-stream has been disabled for many versions (for over a year) and is
now removed. Browsers are now standardizing on "permessage-deflate" / RFC7692
3) struct lws_extension is simplified, and lws extensions now have a public
api (their callback) for use in user code to compose extensions and options
the user code wants. lws_get_internal_exts() is deprecated but kept around
as a NOP. The changes allow one extension implementation to go by different
names and allows the user client code to control option offers per-ext.
The test client and server are updated to use the new way. If you use
the old way it should still work, but extensions will be disabled until you
update your code.
Extensions are now responsible for allocating and per-instance private struct
at instance construction time and freeing it when the instance is destroyed.
Not needing to know the size means the extension's struct can be opaque
to user code.
User api additions
------------------
1) The info struct gained three new members
- max_http_header_data: 0 for default (1024) or set the maximum amount of known
http header payload that lws can deal with. Payload in unknown http
headers is dropped silently. If for some reason you need to send huge
cookies or other HTTP-level headers, you can now increase this at context-
creation time.
- max_http_header_pool: 0 for default (16) or set the maximum amount of http
headers that can be tracked by lws in this context. For the server, if
the header pool is completely in use then accepts on the listen socket
are disabled until one becomes free. For the client, if you simultaneously
have pending connects for more than this number of client connections,
additional connects will fail until some of the pending connections timeout
or complete.
- timeout_secs: 0 for default (currently 20s), or set the library's
network activity timeout to the given number of seconds
HTTP header processing in lws only exists until just after the first main
callback after the HTTP handshake... for ws connections that is ESTABLISHED and
for HTTP connections the HTTP callback.
So these settings are not related to the maximum number of simultaneous
connections, but the number of HTTP handshakes that may be expected or ongoing,
or have just completed, at one time. The reason it's useful is it changes the
memory allocation for header processing to be one-time at context creation
instead of every time there is a new connection, and gives you control over
the peak allocation.
Setting max_http_header_pool to 1 is fine it will just queue incoming
connections before the accept as necessary, you can still have as many
simultaneous post-header connections as you like. Since the http header
processing is completed and the allocation released after ESTABLISHED or the
HTTP callback, even with a pool of 1 many connections can be handled rapidly.
2) There is a new callback that allows the user code to get acccess to the
optional close code + aux data that may have been sent by the peer.
LWS_CALLBACK_WS_PEER_INITIATED_CLOSE:
The peer has sent an unsolicited Close WS packet. @in and
@len are the optional close code (first 2 bytes, network
order) and the optional additional information which is not
defined in the standard, and may be a string or non-human-
readble data.
If you return 0 lws will echo the close and then close the
connection. If you return nonzero lws will just close the
connection.
As usual not handling it does the right thing, if you're not interested in it
just ignore it.
The test server has "open and close" testing buttons at the bottom, if you
open and close that connection, on close it will send a close code 3000 decimal
and the string "Bye!" as the aux data.
The test server dumb-increment callback handles this callback reason and prints
lwsts[15714]: LWS_CALLBACK_WS_PEER_INITIATED_CLOSE: len 6
lwsts[15714]: 0: 0x0B
lwsts[15714]: 1: 0xB8
lwsts[15714]: 2: 0x42
lwsts[15714]: 3: 0x79
lwsts[15714]: 4: 0x65
lwsts[15714]: 5: 0x21
3) There is a new API to allow the user code to control the content of the
close frame sent when about to return nonzero from the user callback to
indicate the connection should close.
/**
* lws_close_reason - Set reason and aux data to send with Close packet
* If you are going to return nonzero from the callback
* requesting the connection to close, you can optionally
* call this to set the reason the peer will be told if
* possible.
*
* @wsi: The websocket connection to set the close reason on
* @status: A valid close status from websocket standard
* @buf: NULL or buffer containing up to 124 bytes of auxiliary data
* @len: Length of data in @buf to send
*/
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN void
lws_close_reason(struct lws *wsi, enum lws_close_status status,
unsigned char *buf, size_t len);
An extra button is added to the "open and close" test server page that requests
that the test server close the connection from his end.
The test server code will do so by
lws_close_reason(wsi, LWS_CLOSE_STATUS_GOINGAWAY,
(unsigned char *)"seeya", 5);
return -1;
The browser shows the close code and reason he received
websocket connection CLOSED, code: 1001, reason: seeya
4) There's a new context creation time option flag
LWS_SERVER_OPTION_VALIDATE_UTF8
if you set it in info->options, then TEXT and CLOSE frames will get checked to
confirm that they contain valid UTF-8. If they don't, the connection will get
closed by lws.
5) ECDH Certs are now supported. Enable the CMake option
cmake .. -DLWS_SSL_SERVER_WITH_ECDH_CERT=1
**and** the info->options flag
LWS_SERVER_OPTION_SSL_ECDH
to build in support and select it at runtime.
6) There's a new api lws_parse_uri() that simplifies chopping up
https://xxx:yyy/zzz uris into parts nicely. The test client now uses this
to allow proper uris as well as the old address style.
7) SMP support is integrated into LWS without any internal threading. It's
very simple to use, libwebsockets-test-server-pthread shows how to do it,
use -j <n> argument there to control the number of service threads up to 32.
Two new members are added to the info struct
unsigned int count_threads;
unsigned int fd_limit_per_thread;
leave them at the default 0 to get the normal singlethreaded service loop.
Set count_threads to n to tell lws you will have n simultaneous service threads
operating on the context.
There is still a single listen socket on one port, no matter how many
service threads.
When a connection is made, it is accepted by the service thread with the least
connections active to perform load balancing.
The user code is responsible for spawning n threads running the service loop
associated to a specific tsi (Thread Service Index, 0 .. n - 1). See
the libwebsockets-test-server-pthread for how to do.
If you leave fd_limit_per_thread at 0, then the process limit of fds is shared
between the service threads; if you process was allowed 1024 fds overall then
each thread is limited to 1024 / n.
You can set fd_limit_per_thread to a nonzero number to control this manually, eg
the overall supported fd limit is less than the process allowance.
You can control the context basic data allocation for multithreading from Cmake
using -DLWS_MAX_SMP=, if not given it's set to 32. The serv_buf allocation
for the threads (currently 4096) is made at runtime only for active threads.
Because lws will limit the requested number of actual threads supported
according to LWS_MAX_SMP, there is an api lws_get_count_threads(context) to
discover how many threads were actually allowed when the context was created.
It's required to implement locking in the user code in the same way that
libwebsockets-test-server-pthread does it, for the FD locking callbacks.
If LWS_MAX_SMP=1, then there is no code related to pthreads compiled in the
library. If more than 1, a small amount of pthread mutex code is built into
the library.
8) New API
LWS_VISIBLE struct lws *
lws_adopt_socket(struct lws_context *context, lws_sockfd_type accept_fd)
allows foreign sockets accepted by non-lws code to be adopted by lws as if they
had just been accepted by lws' own listen socket.
9) X-Real-IP: header has been added as WSI_TOKEN_HTTP_X_REAL_IP
10) Libuv support is added, there are new related user apis
typedef void (lws_uv_signal_cb_t)(uv_loop_t *l, uv_signal_t *w, int revents);
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int
lws_uv_sigint_cfg(struct lws_context *context, int use_uv_sigint,
lws_uv_signal_cb_t *cb);
LWS_VISIBLE LWS_EXTERN int
lws_uv_initloop(struct lws_context *context, uv_loop_t *loop, int tsi);
LWS_VISIBLE void
lws_uv_sigint_cb(uv_loop_t *loop, uv_signal_t *watcher, int revents);
and CMAKE option
LWS_WITH_LIBUV
User api changes
----------------
1) LWS_SEND_BUFFER_POST_PADDING is now 0 and deprecated. You can remove it; if
you still use it, obviously it does nothing. Old binary code with nonzero
LWS_SEND_BUFFER_POST_PADDING is perfectly compatible, the old code just
allocated a buffer bigger than the library is going to use.
The example apps no longer use LWS_SEND_BUFFER_POST_PADDING.
The only path who made use of it was sending with LWS_WRITE_CLOSE --->
2) Because of lws_close_reason() formalizing handling close frames,
LWS_WRITE_CLOSE is removed from libwebsockets.h. It was only of use to send
close frames...close frame content should be managed using lws_close_reason()
now.
3)
...